begonia are tender perennials , develop for their colorful flower and foliage . Most begonia can be produce outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hang baskets in filtered illumination and moist , but well drained soil . Where not stout , grow as yearly or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be disperse from folio , stalk or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sow from seed . ‘ Brown eye ’ grows from a creeping rhizome . The foliage is very attractive , featuring small , unincised leaves . blossom are white-hot in color . This plant enjoys filter light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be damp . begonia turn very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidity . Hardy . Does not like cold weather . Pinching tips and pruning outer stem in the growing season gives a bushy flora , good for hanging baskets . bump off dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunshine and shade patterns convert during the day . The western side of a house may even be suspect due to shadows cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just bought a newfangled home or just begin to garden in your elderly base , take time to represent Dominicus and spook throughout the daylight . You will get a more exact smell for your site ’s true light precondition . condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that choose part shady conditions , trickle lightis nonesuch . Good planting web site are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath taller plants that will provide some tribute . condition : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample piss , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturate and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of mass . Re - water when potting soil becomes juiceless to the tinge an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is separate out . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is important to them . Often dawning Lord’s Day , because it is not as warm as afternoon sun , can be consider part sunlight or part shade . If you be in an expanse that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun picture may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , works in a fix where good afternoon shade will be experience . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem confidential information of a young flora to raise separate . Doing this avoids the want for more severe pruning afterwards on .
Thinning involves polish off whole limb back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to let more luminance in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The good means to begin thinning is to start by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is rase the surface of a bush using hand or galvanizing shear . This is done to hold the desired pattern of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reducing of the size of a bush to restore its original human body and sizing . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a metre . think back to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating flora with cane , such as nandina , disregard back cane at various heights so that works will have a more natural look . Conditions : shining Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western picture window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly photo window . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available clear atmospheric condition . Right flora , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient brightness may become pale in colour , have fewer foliage and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also ask plants to grow slower and have few salad days when Light Within is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plant life with lamp . plant can also receive too much twinkle . If a shade loving plant life is exposed to direct sunlight , it may wilt and/or induce leave of absence to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to watering is body of water deep and less often . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root formal . With in - ground plant , this means soundly inebriate the soil until water system has penetrated to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being secure ) . With container grown plants , give enough water system to leave piss to run through the drain holes .
endeavor to water plants early in the solar day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress . Do pee early on enough so that water has had a luck to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is preponderating if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water system until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will choke if they wilt too much ( when they make the permanent wilting point ) .
look at water conservation methods such as drip mold irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip scheme which slow drip wet directly on the theme system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the root zone and keep up moisture .
Consider adding water - relieve gels to the root geographical zone which will have a stockpile of weewee for the plant . These can make a world of deviation especially under stressful weather . Be certain to follow label direction for their use .
stipulation : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of H2O a week during the develop time of year , but take care not to over body of water . The first two years after a plant is establish , even watering is important for validation . The first year is critical . It is better to H2O once a week and weewee deep , than to water oft for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate water system . right watering is substantive for good plant health . When there is not enough water , ascendant will wither and the flora will droop . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of oxygen and diseases occur such as origin and theme rots .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then expect long enough until the flora needs to be re - watered allot to its moisture requirements .
When watering , H2O well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root chunk . With containerized plant life , employ enough water to provide H2O to hang through the drainage pickle .
avert using cold-blooded water particularly with houseplants . This can scandalise tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid piddle or allow cold water to pose for a while to total to board temperature before watering . This is a ripe way to allow any harmful chlorine in the water to vaporise before being used .
Some plant are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This quash squish water on the leave of sensitive industrial plant . just place the pot in a shallow genus Pan take with tepid water and let the plant life sit down for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be exhaustively pissed . Take out and appropriate sufficient drainage .
apply an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water large pots . Stick it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and turn a grim color . perpetrate it out and analyze . This will give you an idea of how smashed the soil root ball is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not countenance plant life to sit in a disc fill with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of older manure or compost and work into the planting site to meliorate fertility and increase water retention and drainage . If ground paper is weak , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or clay , it can be better by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the near ; go deeply into the soil . set beds to an 18 inch cryptical for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of study now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of sustenance - free horticulture . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other industrial plant . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be dynamic growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennial establish , it is important to rationalise them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an surface area to the exclusion of other works , and also will increase air circulation thereby keep down the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also blossom abundantly and produce sizeable seed . As blooms disappearance it is advisable to deadhead your industrial plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they form source . This will forestall your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable vigour it takes the plant to grow source .
As perennials mature , they may constitute a dense root mickle that finally take to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to once in a while thin out out a stand of such perennial . By disunite the ancestor system , you could make new plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate Modern ontogenesis and regenerate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or drop . Do a little prep ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plants that need a grunge type not find out in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one flora in a container , check that that all have like ethnical requirements . prefer a container that is cryptical and orotund enough to allow root development and maturation as well as relative balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant large containers in the place you stand for them to stay . All containers should have drainage hole . A mesh screen , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a theme coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from launder out . The potting soil you choose should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have choose . Quality soils ( or grease - less medias ) take in moisture pronto and evenly when blotto . If piss runs off ground upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to make full a container with soil , wet potting grease in the purse or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when institute , to be just below the lip of the pot . Rootballs should be even with soil line when project is accomplished . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by look at sun and refinement through the day , exposure , water requirement , clime , grease makeup , seasonal colour desired , and spot of other garden plant and trees .
The best time to engraft are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of peril of frost . Fall plantings have the reward that root can develop and not have to compete with developing top increment as in the leaping . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike sloshed conditions or for colder areas , countenance full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most works , unless institute a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grown plants : organize implant holes with appropriate depth and infinite between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and get the extra water system drain before cautiously transfer from the container . Carefully tease the solution ball and position the plant in the hole , working territory around the root as you fill . If the plant is highly rootage bound , separate roots with fingers . A few slit made with a pocket knife are ok , but should be kept to a minimum . carry on filling in soil and water supply thoroughly , protect from unmediated sun until static .
To constitute bare - root plant : Plant as soon as possible after purchase . train suitable planting holes , spread root and work soil among roots as you fill in . weewee well and protect from unmediated sun until unchanging .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials produce self - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare worthy planting holes , space appropriately for works development . Gently rise the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , tauten stain with fingertips and body of water well . Shade from lineal sun and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake trusted that the plant you have prefer is suitable for the conditions you are able-bodied to put up it : that it will have enough unclouded , blank space , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplant into a larger container sporadically , or they become great deal / root - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the plant well before start out , so the soil will take hold the source ball together when you remove it from the smoke . If you have difficulty puzzle the plant out of the pot , try running a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently wham the side to loosen the land .
Always use fresh soil when transpose your indoor flora . Fill around the flora mildly with grease , being careful not to backpack too tightly – you desire air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize flop away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their newfangled abode .
The sizing mess you take is crucial too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in greater in diameter . think of , many plant favour being somewhat pot bound . Always set about with a fair pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most ground and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at filth level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far run ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , dispose the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water root . antimycotic agent can be used , according to label focal point . Consult a master for a legal recommendation of what antifungal agent to employ . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that assail many types of plants and prosper in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can procreate quickly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 sidereal day without sexual union . Most of the damage to plants is do by the young larva which feed on tender foliage and flower tissue paper . This leads to perverted growth , injured peak petals and untimely flower drop . Thrips also can conduct many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep green goddess down and use shield on windowpane to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow viscid lineup or take advantage of natural enemy such as predatory mite . Sometimes a good steady rain shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension situation for effectual chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare diminished , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites feed in with piercing lip part , which induce plants to come along yellow and stippled . leafage free fall and plant life death can occur with heavy infestations . Spider jot can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a aliveness span of 30 days . They also give rise a WWW which can cover infested leaves and flush .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and move out infested plants . ironical air seems to worsen the problem , so make trusted plants are regularly irrigate , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or tomatoes . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or glasshouse . Take reward of natural enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is urge by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension function , read and postdate all label direction . Concentrate your feat on the underside of the folio as that is where wanderer mite in general live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - lily-white , soft - bodied insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth share that breastfeed the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften depend like little pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of industrial plant . The vernal tend to move around until they find a worthy feeding patch , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliation and leaf drop cloth . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting dark surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden shopping centre professional or the Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural foeman such as madam mallet in the garden to help slenderize universe levels of mealy bug . cuss : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing worm that search like petite moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stagecoach prefers the underside of leaves to fertilize and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a spirit span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can subvert a plant , finally direct to engraft death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also get a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface fungal ontogeny yell pitchy mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; dispatch invade plants away from non - infested plants ; use a ruminative mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellowish sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; promote natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitor of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusk , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , wipe out just about anything that is not woody or extremely perfumed . They may exhaust holes in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedling and attender transplants , leaving behind tell - narration silvery , slimed trails .
Prevention and restraint : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminating concealing places such as leaf debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches allow protective covering from the element and can be favorite concealing places . In the spring , patrol for and put down orchis ( cluster of low translucent area ) and adult during nightfall and dawn . Set out beer traps from tardy saltation through fall .
Many chemical substance ascendency are available on the market , but can be poisonous and pestilent for children and pet ; take care when using them - always understand the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably detect on plants that do not have enough air circulation or enough visible radiation . problem are speculative where night are cool and day are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is ordinarily found on the upper surface of leave of absence or yield . leave will often turn yellow or brown , kink up , and drop off . New foliage emerges scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often neglect early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , sustain urine off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easily on the N fertilizer . Apply antimycotic according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not escape any take intervention . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the downfall and ruin . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are cause by fungi or bacterium . dark-brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water system soaked or yellow - march appearance . insect , rain , dirty garden tools , or even the great unwashed can facilitate its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaf when the plant is dry . Leaves that pull together around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . head off overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , link up to mealy hemipteran , that can be a problem on a broad variety show of plants - indoor and outdoor . untested scales crawl until they notice a good eating internet site . The adult female then lose their leg and remain on a pip protected by its severe cuticle layer . They appear as protrusion , often on the lower sides of leave-taking . They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of works tissue . Scales can countermine a industrial plant leading to yellow foliation and leaf drop curtain . They also bring out a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can precede to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once show they are severe to insure . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . Encourage innate enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , plate , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it get across / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The honorable style to verify sooty mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can commonly be pass over from leaves with a dampish material or washed away with a hose - end sprayer .
