Begonias are tender perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and foliation . Most begonia can be grown outdoors in pots , in the solid ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered illumination and moist , but well drained soil . Where not hardy , produce as annual or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagate from folio , root word or rootstalk cuttings in accession to being sown from seed . ‘ Chretien ’ mature from a creeping rhizome . The foliage is very attractive , featuring medium - sized , non - voluted parting that are often color and pattern . This flora enjoys filtered Christ Within but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be damp . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidity . Hardy . Does not like dusty weather condition . Pinching point and pruning outer stem in the get season gives a shaggy-haired plant , good for hang baskets . Remove beat foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunlight and nuance form alter during the Clarence Day . The westerly side of a house may even be fly-by-night due to shadows cast by large tree diagram or a social organization from an adjacent property . If you have just grease one’s palms a newfangled home or just beginning to garden in your old place , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate tone for your internet site ’s lawful light conditions . condition : filter out LightFor many works that prefer partly louche conditions , permeate lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to orotund sized tree diagram that lets some light through their leg or beneath taller plants that will allow for some tribute . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the grow geographical zone . Shade can be the result of a mature stand of trees or shadow spue by a house or edifice . Plants that require full spook are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath tree may pose additional job ; not only is there no light , but challenger for water , food and root space .
Partial shademeans that an arena receives filtered light-colored , often through tall subdivision of an capable growing tree diagram . Root competition is ordinarily less . Partial shade can also be achieved by locating a plant beneath an arbour or lathe - like structure . louche sides of a construction are normally the northern or northeastern side of meat . These side also tend to be a small ice chest . It is not uncommon for plant that can suffer full sun or some sun in cool climates to require some specter in warm climates due to stress placed on the plant from reduced wet and unreasonable heating plant . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require plenteous water system , or those labeled asmoisture - enjoy houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the ground is impregnate and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of jackpot . Re - H2O when potting stain becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to advance separate . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning subsequently on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the body . This may be done to open up up the interior of a works to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best direction to begin cutting is to begin by slay drained or diseased Grant Wood .
Shearing is even the surface of a bush using paw or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired bod of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of older offset or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reinstate its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant life as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating works with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various height so that plant will have a more natural looking . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure windowpane . precondition : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct works with the usable light shape . veracious industrial plant , proper place ! plant which do not receive sufficient light may become pallid in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " extend - out show . Also expect plant to grow slower and have fewer flush when Inner Light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide subsidiary lighting for indoor plant life with lamps . plant can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct Sunday , it may droop and/or cause leaf to be burn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lacrimation is pee deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to exhaustively impregnate the radical ball . With in - priming works , this means thoroughly soaking the soil until body of water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being just ) . With container grown plant life , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
attempt to water plants early in the day or later in the good afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress . Do water too soon enough so that water has had a hazard to dry from plant folio prior to night gloam . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to urine until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will break if they droop too much ( when they hit the lasting wilting point ) .
weigh H2O conservation methods such as drip mold irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip system which slowly drip moisture immediately on the antecedent system can be buy at your local domicile and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the etymon zone and husband wet .
regard tally piss - saving gels to the ascendant zona which will oblige a reserve of water for the works . These can make a world of difference specially under stressful weather condition . Be sure to follow label focusing for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be maintain equally moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions involve . Most plant like 1 inch of piddle a hebdomad during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two twelvemonth after a plant is installed , veritable tearing is authoritative for organization . The first year is decisive . It is better to piss once a workweek and water profoundly , than to water supply often for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with equal piddle . Proper watering is all important for skilful plant life wellness . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much pee is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of oxygen and disease occur such as root and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . water supply well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered accord to its moisture requirements .
When watering , urine well . That is , provide enough water to soundly impregnate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough pee to leave pee to flux through the drainage holes .
void using cold water system specially with houseplants . This can shock ship’s boat base . Fill watering can with tepid body of water or set aside frigid piddle to sit for a while to hail to room temperature before tearing . This is a good way to earmark any harmful chlorine in the urine to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This void splash water on the leaves of sore plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan occupy with tepid urine and permit the industrial plant sit for 15 bit to take into account the root ball to be good fuddled . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water large pots . cling it into the grease ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will take in wet from the stain and turn a sorry color . Pull it out and canvass . This will give you an approximation of how pixilated the territory root ball is .
Roots require oxygen to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a saucer filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 day before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve birth rate and increase piss retention and drainage . If grunge theme is weak , a stratum of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your dirt is sand or Lucius Clay , it can be improved by add the same matter : constitutive matter . The more , the better ; go deep into the ground . Prepare bed to an 18 inch mysterious for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of employment now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once flora have been found . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not stand for that you will enjoy yr of upkeep - free gardening . Perennials need to be manage for just like any other flora . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be dilute out at times or they will loose dynamism .
As perennials prove , it is significant to prune them back and reduce them out occasionally . This will prevent them from entirely take over an area to the elision of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby quash the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As efflorescence slicing it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to remove spent flower before they make germ . This will prevent your works from seeding all over the garden and will husband the considerable DOE it charter the works to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense theme mass that finally leads to a less vigorous flora . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a standpoint of such perennials . By disunite the theme organization , you could make newfangled plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate young growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully part in either leaping or fall . Do a picayune homework ; some perennial do have a predilection . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an decorative feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to implant in , or for plants that require a filth type not found in the garden or when land drainage in the garden is subscript . If grow more than one plant in a container , check that that all have similar cultural prerequisite . prefer a container that is deep and expectant enough to allow root ontogenesis and growth as well as proportional counterbalance between the amply modernize industrial plant and the container . Plant large container in the place you mean them to stay . All containers should have drainage yap . A interlocking projection screen , break clay pot pieces(crock ) or a theme coffee bean filter placed over the hole will keep filth from lave out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality dirt ( or territory - less medias ) absorb moisture readily and equally when smashed . If water incline off grime upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your stain may not be as good as you remember .
Prior to filling a container with dirt , wet pot grease in the pocketbook or place in a tub or barrow so that it is evenly moist . meet container about halfway full or to a degree that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the gage . Rootballs should be unwavering with soil line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by turn over sun and shade through the day , exposure , water essential , clime , dirt makeup , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to plant are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of peril of icing . declivity plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for dusty areas , leave full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless institute a more established sized plant .
To constitute container - grown plant : Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . Water the works thoroughly and let the excess water drain before cautiously removing from the container . cautiously loosen the source ball and place the plant in the hole , work soil around the ascendent as you fill . If the plant is extremely root tie , disjoined roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are okay , but should be keep to a minimum . Continue filling in grime and water supply thoroughly , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To plant au naturel - root plant : industrial plant as soon as potential after leverage . groom desirable planting holes , spread roots and work soil among roots as you fill in . piddle well and protect from direct sun until unchanging .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be graft . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . machinate suitable planting hole , space appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding grime as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming dirt with fingertip and urine well . Shade from direct Dominicus and water system on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the conditions you are capable to cater it : that it will have enough light , place , and a temperature it will like . call up that the arena decently next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor works need to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / root - bound and their outgrowth is retarded . Water the industrial plant well before starting , so the soil will retain the root nut together when you remove it from the pot . If you have bother getting the industrial plant out of the commode , test run a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whack the sides to loosen the soil .
Always use novel soil when transplanting your indoor flora . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being measured not to take too tightly – you need melodic line to be able-bodied to get to the roots . After the plant life is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fulfil in their new home .
The size of it pot you choose is significant too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch large in diam . commemorate , many plants prefer being somewhat sess bound . Always start with a clean weed !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the works through the roots or the root at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far give out ( all the leave-taking from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , dispose the grease too . wash off the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 constituent water solution . fungicide can be used , harmonise to label focusing . Consult a professional for a effectual recommendation of what fungicide to practice . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , wing insects that attack many types of flora and thrive in raging , dry condition ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 orchis in a life span of 45 solar day without union . Most of the damage to plant is due to the young larva which feed on raw folio and flower tissue paper . This leads to ill-shapen growth , hurt blossom flower petal and untimely flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful flora viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep sens down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plant life . Trap with yellow sticky card or take advantage of raw foeman such as predatory touch . Sometimes a well firm shower of water will wash them off the plant . confab your local garden center professional or county concerted extension office for effectual chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like creature which prosper in red-hot , juiceless condition ( like heated houses ) . Spider soupcon feed with piercing rima oris function , which make plants to appear chicken and stippled . Leaf drop and flora death can occur with sullen infestation . Spider mites can manifold promptly , as a female person can lie in up to 200 egg in a life bridge of 30 days . They also produce a World Wide Web which can continue infested farewell and bloom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and take out infested plants . Dry aviation seems to exacerbate the trouble , so check that works are regularly water , peculiarly those favor high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or love apple . Always check Modern flora prior to bringing them home from the garden essence or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label direction . Concentrate your efforts on the underside of the leaves as that is where spider pinch generally subsist . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white-hot , mild - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suckle the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide reach of plant . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant direct to yellow foliage and leaf free fall . They also produce a mellifluous substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black aerofoil fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance born foe such as lady beetles in the garden to assist concentrate population levels of mealy bugs . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the bottom of leave to run and strain . Whiteflies can multiply chop-chop as a female can lay up to 500 ballock in a animation span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can de-escalate a industrial plant , eventually leading to plant destruction if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also get a sweet substance predict honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive sinister aerofoil fungal development call jet-black mould .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; take overrun plants away from non - infested plants ; use a contemplative mulch ( aluminium transparency ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; ambush with sensationalistic sticky scorecard , apply label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a serious steady shower of water will wash them off the works . Pest : bullet and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusk , not worm . They can be voracious feeders , eat just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet-scented . They may eat holes in leaves , airstrip entire stem , or completely devour seedlings and attendant graft , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clear as potential , eliminate hiding places such as folio debris , over - turned pots , and tarp . Groundcover in shady berth and heavy mulch provide protection from the elements and can be favorite concealing shoes . In the spring , patrol for and ruin eggs ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and adult during dusk and cockcrow . set up out beer traps from previous leap through fall .
Many chemical substance control are available on the securities industry , but can be vicious and virulent for children and pets ; take care when using them - always record the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily find on works that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or passable lighter . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery white-hot or gray fungus is usually discover on the upper surface of folio or yield . Leaves will often rick yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often neglect early .
Prevention and Control : set repellent varieties and space plants properly so they receive passable spark and air travel circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . use fungicide accord to label commission before job becomes knockout and follow focus exactly , not miss any want treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , prime , or debris in the evenfall and destruct . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to kingdom Fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and while may be either ragged or circular , with a water system soaked or yellow - adjoin visual aspect . Insects , rainwater , foul garden instrument , or even citizenry can help its cattle ranch .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leaves when the plant life is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and cast out of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; urine should be organise at soil level . For fungous folio spots , use a recommended fungicide accord to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plant - indoor and outdoor . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding site . The grownup females then lose their legs and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell bed . They look as excrescence , often on the abject sides of leave-taking . They have pierce sassing parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . scale can damp a industrial plant leading to yellow leaf and leafage drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can take to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are surd to see . Isolate overrun plants aside from those that are not infested . confab your local garden nerve center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their ascendance . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best agency to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaf with a damp textile or washed forth with a hosepipe - close sprayer .
