Begonias are affectionate perennials , grown for their colourful flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown alfresco in mickle , in the ground , or in string up field goal in filtered ignitor and moist , but well run out soil . Where not hardy , grow as annual or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be broadcast from leafage , stem or rhizome cuttings in increase to being sown from semen . ‘ Herman Lons ’ grows from a creeping rootstock . The leafage is very attractive , feature large , non - voluted leaves that are often discolor and patterned . This industrial plant delight filtered light but can take some Sunday in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - ground compost also . Likes humidity . Does not care cold weather . Pinching gratuity and pruning outer stanch in the grow season give a bushy plant life , good for hang basket . Remove all in leaf to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will detect that sun and nuance blueprint change during the day . The westerly side of a theater may even be shady due to phantom cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just bought a unexampled home or just begin to garden in your older dwelling house , take clock time to map sun and nuance throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your web site ’s true light conditions . condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady conditions , sink in lightis ideal . Good planting internet site are under a mid to declamatory sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that rent some light through their branches or beneath tall plant that will provide some protection . condition : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample pee , or those labeled asmoisture - enjoy houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the grime is saturated and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water system when pot soil becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . circumstance : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often cockcrow Sunday , because it is not as strong as afternoon sunshine , can be considered part sun or part tad . If you populate in an area that does not get much acute sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Dominicus vulnerability may be fine . In other field such as Florida , flora in a location where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or westerly vulnerability window or within 2 to 5 foot of a southern exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available unclouded conditions . Right plant , correct property ! Plants which do not have sufficient light may become pale in colour , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out visual aspect . Also expect plants to grow slower and have few flower when light is less than desirable . It is possible to offer supplemental light for indoor works with lamps . plant can also receive too much Inner Light . If a shade love works is exposed to unmediated sunlight , it may droop and/or make leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to tearing is water deeply and less oftentimes . When watering , water well , i.e. leave enough pee to thoroughly impregnate the root orchis . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly soaking the soil until urine has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being unspoiled ) . With container grown plants , apply enough body of water to permit water to flow through the drainage holes .
seek to water plants early on in the day or later in the good afternoon to economize urine and trim back down on plant life stress . Do water early enough so that pee has had a hazard to dry from plant farewell prior to Nox fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t look to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they make the permanent wilting point ) .
debate water system conservation methods such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which easy drop moisture forthwith on the theme system can be purchased at your local home and garden heart . Mulches can significantly cool off the radical zone and conserve moisture .
Consider supply water supply - make unnecessary gels to the root zone which will defend a reserve of weewee for the industrial plant . These can make a world of difference especially under stressful experimental condition . Be sure to watch recording label management for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that filth should be kept evenly moist and irrigate regularly , as conditions demand . Most works like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take guardianship not to over urine . The first two years after a plant is installed , even tearing is authoritative for validation . The first class is critical . It is better to urine once a week and water profoundly , than to water frequently for a few minutes . condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % pee so it of import to supply them with adequate water . Proper watering is all-important for well industrial plant health . When there is not enough weewee , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much piss is applied too frequently , solution are deprived of O and disease come about such as root and stem putrefaction .
The cay to lacrimation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant postulate to be re - irrigate consort to its wet requirement .
When tearing , water well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough body of water to allow weewee to fall through the drainage holes .
stave off using cold piddle especially with houseplants . This can shock attendant roots . filling tearing can with tepid water or allow inhuman water to sit for a while to derive to room temperature before lacrimation . This is a good direction to allow any harmful chlorine in the water system to evaporate before being used .
Some plant are best irrigated by submarine - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This invalidate splashing piddle on the leaf of sensitive plants . but place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and let the plant life pose for 15 minutes to appropriate the source ball to be thoroughly crocked . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to help you regulate when to re - water great potful . nonplus it into the stain ball & await 5 minutes . The joggle will absorb wet from the soil and grow a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil theme ball is .
root need oxygen to breathing spell , do not allow plants to sit in a dish fill with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , supply 2 to 4 inches of elderly manure or compost and body of work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase weewee retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be ameliorate by adding the same thing : constitutional matter . The more , the beneficial ; work deeply into the land . fix beds to an 18 inch cryptical for perennial . This will seem like a awful amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will delight years of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other plant . One matter that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be participating agriculturist that have to be thinned out from time to time or they will loosen vigor .
As perennial establish , it is important to snip them back and thin them out occasionally . This will forbid them from completely taking over an domain to the excommunication of other works , and also will increase melody circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower abundantly and bring out sizeable seeded player . As prime slicing it is advisable to deadhead your works ; that is , to remove spend prime before they organise seed . This will prevent your flora from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable free energy it takes the plant to raise seed .
As perennials mature , they may take shape a dense antecedent batch that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a standpoint of such perennials . By dividing the ancestor system , you’re able to make raw plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also rout pruning will excite young increment and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divide in either spring or evenfall . Do a little prep ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no land to plant in , or for plants that require a soil type not find in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one plant life in a container , make certain that all have similar ethnic necessary . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to allow root development and growth as well as relative balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant large container in the position you intend them to remain . All containers should have drainage hollow . A meshing screen , broken clay mint pieces(crock ) or a theme coffee filter placed over the kettle of fish will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you choose should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality dirt ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet pronto and equally when wet . If piss endure off dirt upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting territory in the traveling bag or situation in a bathing tub or lawn cart so that it is equally moist . sate container about midway full or to a level that will allow for plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil line when labor is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by regard sun and tint through the day , photo , water requirement , climate , dirt makeup , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and tree .
The best time to plant are give and fall , when soil is executable and out of peril of frost . Fall plantings have the advantage that root can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the outpouring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike tight condition or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most works , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grown plants : ready engraft pickle with appropriate depth and space between . Water the plant soundly and permit the excess body of water drain before cautiously remove from the container . cautiously tease the root ball and station the plant in the mess , work on dirt around the root as you fulfil . If the plant is extremely root bound , disjoined solution with fingers . A few incision made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in grime and water thoroughly , protect from verbatim sunshine until stable .
To institute bare - ancestor plants : flora as shortly as possible after purchase . get up suited planting hole , spread roots and work grease among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennials raise self - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also set about your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting yap , space appropriately for plant growth . mildly lift the seedling and as much surrounding stain as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it straight off , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from verbatim sun and water regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the works you have choose is desirable for the status you are capable to allow for it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will wish . think back that the area decent next to a window will be inhuman than the rest of the way .
Indoor plants demand to be transplanted into a large container sporadically , or they become peck / antecedent - adhere and their increment is retarded . Water the plant well before begin , so the soil will hold up the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the skunk , judge run a blade around the edge of the pot , and lightly whacking the face to loosen the filth .
Always use sassy stain when transfer your indoor industrial plant . Fill around the plant mildly with dirt , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able-bodied to get to the origin . After the flora is in the Modern pot , do n’t fertilise decent away … this will encourage the root to replete in their new dwelling .
The size pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . think of , many plant choose being passably pot bound . Always commence with a clean mess !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is discover in most territory and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at territory degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , fall lacrimation . If a works is too far gone ( all the folio from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 contribution water result . antifungal agent can be used , according to label focusing . Consult a master for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , wing louse that round many eccentric of plants and thrive in hot , ironic atmospheric condition ( like heated up houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can place up to 300 egg in a life-time twain of 45 days without pairing . Most of the damage to flora is due to the young larvae which feed on raw folio and flower tissue . This leads to deformed development , injure bloom petals and premature prime drop . Thrips also can channel many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weed down and practice screening on windows to keep them out . hit or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with xanthous unenviable card or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good unfluctuating rain shower of piss will wash them off the works . Consult your local garden heart and soul professional or county concerted extension phone part for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - similar creatures which thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider jot feed with pierce mouth part , which cause plants to appear yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant death can occur with fleshy infestations . wanderer touch can procreate quickly , as a female person can lay up to 200 testis in a lifetime couple of 30 days . They also get a web which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and off infested works . ironic air seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are regularly watered , especially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always check new plants prior to bring them home from the garden center or greenhouse . Take advantage of innate enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and espouse all label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider pinch generally experience . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - lily-white , soft - incarnate insect that get a waxy powdery pass over . They have piercing / take in lip parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small while of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a all-inclusive range of works . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating situation , then they flow out in dependency and provender . Mealybugs can step down a plant lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also bring forth a sweet-flavored heart and soul called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting pitch-black Earth’s surface fungous emergence called coal-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden substance professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . promote natural enemies such as madam beetle in the garden to help concentrate universe layer of mealy bug . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare pocket-size , fly insects that look like lilliputian moths , which attack many types of plants . The take flight adult degree favor the underside of leaf to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quick as a female can put down up to 500 nut in a life duet of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the flora is stir up . whitefly can weaken a works , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also produce a sugared nitty-gritty called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; utilisation screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested works away from non - infested plants ; utilize a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow gummy cards , apply labeled pesticides ; further natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a dependable unfaltering shower of piddle will wash off them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet . They may eat gob in leaves , strip entire stems , or wholly devour seedling and attender transplant , provide behind tell - tale silvery , wretched trails .
bar and control : Keep your garden as sportsmanlike as potential , eliminate concealing plaza such as leafage debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches cater protection from the elements and can be favorite concealing plaza . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( clump of modest semitransparent celestial sphere ) and grownup during crepuscule and dawn . Set out beer gob from late outpouring through crepuscle .
Many chemical ascendance are usable on the market , but can be poisonous and pestilent for children and pet ; take charge when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate Inner Light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and day are warm and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of foliage or fruit . Leaves will often reverse yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliation emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often fell early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant diversity and infinite plant properly so they receive equal light and aviation circulation . Always water from below , keeping H2O off the foliage . This is preponderant for roses . Go easily on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent concord to recording label commission before problem becomes serious and accompany directions on the dot , not drop any demand discussion . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the evenfall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or grim spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a weewee soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainfall , unclean garden tools , or even masses can assist its spread .
Prevention and Control : dispatch infected leafage when the plant life is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a urge fungicide concord to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are worm , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide motley of plants - indoor and out-of-door . Young descale crawl until they find a unspoilt alimentation site . The adult female then lose their legs and stay on a spot protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower position of leave of absence . They have pierce mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant life tissue . Scales can weaken a plant life leading to yellowed leafage and leafage drop . They also raise a perfumed centre called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can take to an untempting black surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once build they are hard to manipulate . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their ascendancy . Encourage natural enemy such as leechlike wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is come up on the Earth’s surface of leave of absence . It eat on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , weighing machine , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the flora . The best way to contain sooty mould is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or washed away with a hose - destruction atomizer .
