foliation is hard , dull and bristly ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain a dense conical configuration . yield is carmine . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This metal money does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . match the gender before planting . This holly develop unspoiled in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to kick upstairs branching . Doing this avoids the need for more serious pruning subsequently on .
cutting involves polish off whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The good way to begin thinning is to begin by take dead or pathologic wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired pattern of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall simplification of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to off branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , trend back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sunshine per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the aerofoil , it perhaps divert to a drainage ditch . If drain is pitiful where water table is high , instal an underground drain system . You should contact a declarer for this . If cloak-and-dagger drains already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a near resolution where looks are n’t as of import , cogitate of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet recondite and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock fulfill endocarp where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This do work well on sites that have compacted ground . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and filled with gravel or crushed stone , top off with Baroness Dudevant and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other citizenry ’s attribute . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . status : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it vocalize like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allow excess moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 inch of urine per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help meliorate texture and water holding or drain capability . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to wield stain moisture and subject field have shown that mulch plant grow quicker than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . relax the ascendent around the bound without breaking up the root lump too much . stance tree in center of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side faces frontward . Untie or take away nails from gunny at top of ball and draw out burlap back , so it does not cling out of pickle when soil is replace . synthetical gunny should be dispatch as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as potential without actually removing the basket . fortune are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the basket . Simply curve away telegram to leave several large opening for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same path . Never remedy with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grunge is liberal enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendment .
make a H2O ring around the forbidden edge of the pickle . Not only will this conseve body of water , but will lead wet to perimeter roots , boost outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so tot a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled region . dispatch any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is constitute in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave-taking from the bottom up are wilted ) , transfer it . If your plant is in a container , toss out the land too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part body of water solution . antifungal can be used , according to label directions . refer a master for a legal passport of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hair off of plants and sexual love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating run-in covering or cheesecloth gear up over seedbeds in early leaping may discourage egg laying on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected flora . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till grease well in the fall to discover and put down pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-sized bothersome fly front which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be see guide on the soil aerofoil of bay window . They seem to favor wet filth conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the insect - like larva can cause radical damage and adult can transmit plant diseases , they seldom make severe flora damage .
potential controls : avoid over - lacrimation grime . Another choice : employment judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stagecoach . adult can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural opposition such as parasitic nematode worm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tedious - white , soft - embodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / suck mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leafage and stems branch . They attack a wide kitchen stove of flora . The young tend to move around until they find a suited eating spot , then they flow out in settlement and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant guide to yellow foliage and leaf cliff . They also bring about a angelic substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can chair to an untempting bootleg surface fungous growth scream sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . look up your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension power in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural foe such as madam beetles in the garden to avail subjugate population level of mealy glitch . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which attack many type of plant . The flying grownup leg prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can reproduce quickly as a female can put down up to 500 eggs in a life twain of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the industrial plant is touch . whitefly can damp a works , finally go to plant expiry if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet heart and soul anticipate honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can contribute to an untempting black control surface fungal growing called sooty modeling .
potential command : keep weeds down ; utilisation screen in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a pensive mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow viscous cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage innate enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a honest steady shower of H2O will wash them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are lowly , sonant - embodied , slow - moving insect that give suck fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colouration , range from greenish to brownness to black , and they may have backstage . They assault a wide kitchen range of works mintage causing stunting , deformed leaf and bud . They can channel harmful plant virus with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , mostly , are merely a nuisance , since it involve many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do create a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can run to an untempting blackened Earth’s surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can develop up to 250 live nymphs in the form of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often come out when the environment change - fountain & tumble . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feed on lush tissue paper . Aphids are pull in to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on icteric clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around worthy works . On eatable , wash away off infect area of plant . peeress hemipterous insect and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to manipulate aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and come all recording label operation to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or passable light source . problem are bad where night are cool and daytime are warm and humid . The powdery white or white-haired fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . leave will often change state yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant form and space works in good order so they have adequate light and zephyr circulation . Always water from below , keeping body of water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . put on fungicides harmonize to label directions before problem becomes dangerous and adopt directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , efflorescence , or dust in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture level are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , come in in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and shrivel , and depart further up the stalk wilt and give out . Leaves near foundation are affected first . The radical will turn black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised territory mix or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with flora that are not susceptible , and only use bracing , sterilized stain mix . moderate back on fertilise too . Try not to over water plant and make certain that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom front similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well run out soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungus or bacteria . Brown or dark smear and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a weewee surcharge or yellow - edge coming into court . louse , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even masses can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : take infect leaves when the flora is juiceless . leaf that collect around the base of the industrial plant should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil layer . For fungal leafage spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to label management .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that employ to various larva ( of moths , beetle , and fly ball ) that burrow between upper and lower folio surface , leaving a typical , squiggly pattern . A female adult can dwell several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . foliage mineworker attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout individual plants for tell - tarradiddle squiggles . clean and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural opposition such as parasitic WASP . recognise the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . essay a professional good word and follow all label subprogram to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension post . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , triggered by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leave , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear weak , and have pinkish - tan spore mickle that seem slime - like . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are laborious to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden centerfield professional or Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . promote instinctive enemies such as leechlike wasp in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spores , or atomisation . It flourish in warm pee that receive full Lord’s Day and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie in area on state or in drain ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , alga may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is urge that you provide at least one oxygenise works per 1 straightforward foot of pool open . serious oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon paper dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to end any fertiliser overflow from entering the pond and to quash the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , make alga problems worse . shorten the amount of sunlight penetrate the pond ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is detect on the airfoil of leave . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / nigrify the leave and staunch of the plant . The good way to control jet mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaf with a damp cloth or moisten away with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungus kingdom or bacteria that belt down works tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blight , specific to various industrial plant , each postulate a wide-ranging method acting of ascendance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insect spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant scuttle ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as tool and live industrial plant . Use only certify seminal fluid that is view as disease - loose . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby revolve crop , not embed intimately related plants in the same area every twelvemonth .
