firmly , glossy and mostly setaceous leaf of humble size . Tree grow thickly even in full sun . Fruit is brilliant red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the glide . This diversity does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly grow best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take away the stem tips of a untried plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning subsequently on .
Thinning involves removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant life to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to start by remove dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the aerofoil of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to sustain the desire condition of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . call back to murder branches from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plant with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that flora will have a more lifelike feeling . condition : Full SunFull Sunis set as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per twenty-four hours .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water mesa is gamey , install an underground drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already subsist , watch to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another alternative . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sodomist on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where feel are n’t as important , remember of the French drain as a ditch fulfill with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot inscrutable and have sloping side of meat .
A soakway is a crushed rock make full pit where water system is disport to via underground piping . This exploit well on web site that have compacted filth . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and replete with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s property . If you do not experience that you’re able to follow through a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil permit superfluous wet to run out aside . Most plants like about 1 inch of water supply per workweek . Amending your soil with compost will help amend grain and water keeping or drain capacity . A 3 in bed of mulch will avail to maintain soil wet and studies have shown that mulch plants originate faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - acquire , lie down the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and take out the container . Loosen the root around the edges without dampen up the root ball too much . positioning tree diagram in center of hole so that the skilful side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in trap so that the skilful side faces forrard . loosen or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and draw burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replace . Synthetic gunny should be move out as it will not moulder like natural burlap . gravid trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the telegram off as possible without actually remove the basketful . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the hoop . Simply burn away wire to leave several large openings for root .
Fill both holes with grease the same way . Never better with less than half original grease . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding small or no filth amendments .
Create a weewee halo around the prohibited edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will take wet to perimeter beginning , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , urine band may be flush . Studies show that mulched trees mature quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the root word or the stem at territory level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far run ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , get rid of it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . rinse the heap with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal good word of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , chew the radical hairs off of plants and beloved to burrow through theme crop such as onions , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered white-hot and blunt - steer . Adults are blue gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row cover or cheesecloth coiffe over seedbeds in other spring may deter egg lay on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always take away and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest vexing fly which can often be a nuisance inside the plate . About the size of fruit fly , they can be seen running on the soil Earth’s surface of commode . They seem to favor loaded soil status and may expand in mix containing hardwood barque or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can make root price and adult can convey plant life diseases , they seldom cause hard industrial plant damage .
potential controls : avoid over - lachrymation ground . Another option : utilization judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be control with recommended insecticide , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tiresome - white , delicate - bodied insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / lactate mouth parts that give suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like humble pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and stanch branch . They assail a all-encompassing compass of plants . The young incline to move around until they get a suited eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealybug can weaken a plant lead to yellow leaf and leaf drop . They also create a sugared substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth phone sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension federal agency in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage lifelike enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that seem like tiny moth , which attack many type of plant life . The flying adult stagecoach prefer the underside of leaves to eat and breed . Whiteflies can manifold quickly as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the industrial plant is upset . whitefly can sabotage a plant , finally leading to establish death if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful plant computer virus . They also develop a sweet sum called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal outgrowth called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; utilization screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant life aside from non - infested plants ; habituate a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply label pesticides ; encourage innate enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will dampen them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are belittled , soft - bodied , tardily - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from gullible to brown to opprobrious , and they may have wings . They attack a broad orbit of plant metal money causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant computer virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , loosely , are simply a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can conduct to an untempting shameful open growth called sooty clay sculpture .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can bring out up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often come out when the environment transfer - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are appeal to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around suitable plants . On victuals , wash off infect domain of industrial plant . dame bugs and lacewings will fee on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to verify aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and 24-hour interval are strong and humid . The powdery blanched or gray fungus is unremarkably launch on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often work yellow or brown , curve up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and deformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and blank plants properly so they receive adequate brightness level and air circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is preponderating for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides grant to label steering before problem becomes grievous and come direction exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and transfer all leaves , flower , or dust in the fall and ruin . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt wet levels are too high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stanch discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and go bad . Leaves near base are affected first . The etymon will turn black and molder or break down . This fungus kingdom can be put in by using unsterilised soil mixture or contaminated urine .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their source , and discard surrounding stain . Replace with works that are not susceptible , and only utilise fresh , sterilized soil premix . Hold back on fertilise too . seek not to over water system plant and ensure that grime is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soil . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf musca volitans are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacterium . brownish or disgraceful spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the flora is dry . Leaves that pull together around the al-Qa’ida of the industrial plant should be rake up and incline of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piss should be send at grease level . For fungal leaf spot , practice a recommend fungicide allot to label direction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and tent-fly ) that burrow between upper and lower foliage surfaces , will a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give salary increase to miner . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and watch individual plants for say - tale squiggles . blame and destroy these leaves and take advantage of innate enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide spray when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension billet . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solvent of a industrial plant infection , cause by a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on bow , fruit , leaves , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore the great unwashed that appear slime - alike . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to hold . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden substance professional or Cooperative Extension place in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that regurgitate by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It flourish in warming body of water that receives full sunlight and has an copious supplying of nutrient . Algae are most unremarkably found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying country on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in outflow , when water start to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear ugly and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you bring home the bacon at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 satisfying foot of pool surface . salutary oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon paper dioxide and food . The 2d step would be to stop any fertiliser overspill from entering the pool and to boil down the amount of nutrient fed to fish . Both overload water with food , making alga problems worse . reduce the amount of sun penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew egest from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / black the leaf and stems of the plant . The good way to see to it sooty mold is to moderate the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can commonly be wiped from leave-taking with a damp material or washed away with a hosepipe - last atomizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that pour down plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliation . There are many different blight , specific to various plant life , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant eating insect circulate computer virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when lop ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be discipline , as well as tools and existing plant . practice only certified germ that is deemed disease - gratis . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating harvest , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year .
