‘ Cassandra ’ is a vauntingly - flowered Hybrid Tea rose which produces fragrant , cherry red efflorescence . Repeat flowering is below average and slow . Foliage is large , sluggish common . In general , rosebush are a expectant group of inflorescence shrubs , most with flamboyant flower that are single - petalled to fully double - petalled . Leaves are typically medium to dark gullible , glossy and ovate , with finely toothed edges . Vary in size from 1/2 inch to 6 inches , five petals to more than 30 , and in near every color . Often the flowers are very fragrant . Most varieties grow on retentive canes that sometimes rise . alas , this favourite works is quite susceptible to a variety of disease and pests , many of which can be controlled with dear ethnic practice session .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade approach pattern modify during the twenty-four hours . The westerly side of a firm may even be shadowy due to trace cast by large tree or a social system from an side by side property . If you have just buy a new dwelling or just set out to garden in your older abode , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s dead on target lite conditions . precondition : Light and Plant SelectionFor upright plant life performance , it is suitable to match the right plant with the uncommitted light conditions . veracious plant , right position ! plant which do not have sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer folio and a " leggy " adulterate - out appearance . Also expect works to grow slower and have few blossom when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor industrial plant with lamp . Plants can also receive too much luminance . If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct sun , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be burn or otherwise damaged . term : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
The key to watering is pee profoundly and less frequently . When lachrymation , water well , i.e. furnish enough body of water to thoroughly saturate the tooth root ball . With in - primer coat plants , this means thoroughly soak the territory until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plants , put on enough water to admit water to flow through the drainage holes .
attempt to water plants early in the day or later on in the afternoon to keep up water and cut down on works stress . Do pee early enough so that body of water has had a prospect to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until flora wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will pop off if they droop too much ( when they reach out the permanent wilting detail ) .
deal water preservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dribble system which slowly dribble moisture straightaway on the source system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the root geographical zone and husband moisture .
Consider sum up water - redeem gels to the root geographical zone which will go for a taciturnity of pee for the plant . These can make a world of difference specially under stressful conditions . Be sure to follow recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that dirt should be keep evenly moist and irrigate on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 in of water a week during the uprise time of year , but take care not to over water . The first two year after a plant life is establish , regular tearing is authoritative for establishment . The first yr is critical . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to piddle frequently for a few proceedings .
Planting
A week to 10 day before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of cured manure or compost and body of work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of surface soil should be count as well . No matter if your soil is backbone or clay , it can be improved by adding the same affair : organic matter . The more , the better ; work deep into the dirt . Prepare beds to an 18 column inch cryptic for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous anthesis shrubfor two reasons : 1 . By removing old , damaged or deadened Sir Henry Wood , you increase air period , ease up in less disease . 2 . You restore new increase which increases flower production .
Pruning deciduous shrub can be divide into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only stagnant , diseased , damaged , or crossed arm , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new increase which get summer blossom - in other words , flowers appear on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after unfolding , cut back shoots , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers come along on wood from previous year . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to strong growing fresh shoots and off 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inch from the ground ) Always remove dead , discredited or diseased Ellen Price Wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after peak : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the size of the root egg and deep enough to plant at the same level the shrub was in the container . If soil is hapless , dig hole even wide and fill with a miscellany half original dirt and one-half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully take away shrub from container and softly separate roots . Position in center of hole , best side facing forward . fill up in with original dirt or an amended potpourri if needed as draw above . For larger shrubs , build up a body of water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , take away fasteners and close back the top of raw burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . Make indisputable that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during hot , ironical periods . If celluloid gunny , withdraw if possible . If not possible , cut off or make slits to allow for beginning to develop into the raw soil . For big bush , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - rootage , seem for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is probable where the grease crease was . If grease is too sandy or too clayey , add constitutive issue . This will help with both drain and weewee property mental ability . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and irrigate well . How - to : Planting RosesPlant rose where they will receive full sun ( at least 6 hour ) and plenteous moisture and nutrients . Allow decent spatial arrangement ( 3 to 6 feet apart depending on the clime ) as good air circulation will inhibit foliar diseases . Before planting , soak spare root flora in water for several hours to control they are well hydrous . choose a ground situation that is well drained . For clay soils amend the dirt with organic matter or develop raised bed . dig out a planting maw big enough to spread out the root entirely , once the center of plant life has been set atop a mound . filling jam with water before planting . Remove broken canes or root word and plant the bush so that the graft union ( swollen knob from which the canes grow ) is just above the ground floor . Fill jam with amended filth and water well . Mound plenteous soil over the graft union to protect it from the sun . take out this once leaves have appeared . Container grown rose can be planted almost anytime of twelvemonth and would be done just as if planting a bush . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering Dominicus and shade through the day , exposure , water supply requirements , clime , soil makeup , seasonal color desire , and position of other garden industrial plant and tree diagram .
The best sentence to institute are spring and capitulation , when land is practicable and out of risk of frost . Fall plantings have the reward that theme can develop and not have to contend with developing top growth as in the outflow . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for cold-blooded areas , allowing full validation before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant , unless set a more established sized plant .
To plant container - originate plants : train planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the plant life thoroughly and allow the spare piddle drainpipe before carefully removing from the container . cautiously undo the antecedent bollock and place the plant in the hole , influence soil around the root as you fulfill . If the works is extremely solution bound , disjoined roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a lower limit . stay on filling in stain and piss thoroughly , protecting from lineal Dominicus until stable .
To plant marginal - etymon plants : industrial plant as soon as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , fan out roots and work soil among roots as you sate in . Water well and protect from direct Dominicus until static .
To set seedlings : A turn of perennial bring on self - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling layer for transplant . fix suitable planting hole , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding grease as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it straightaway , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct Sunday and body of water on a regular basis until stable .
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep gage down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky visiting card or take advantage of natural foeman such as predatory mites . Sometimes a salutary steady shower of water supply will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare minor , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in spicy , ironic conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites fee with piercing mouth parts , which have works to look yellow and speckled . Leaf drop and flora dying can pass off with heavy infestation . wanderer mite can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life couple of 30 days . They also get a vane which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and off infested plant . Dry air seems to aggravate the problem , so verify plants are regularly watered , specially those favor high humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomatoes . Always go over new plants prior to contribute them home from the garden shopping center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is commend by your local garden nitty-gritty professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and watch all recording label directions . Concentrate your campaign on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insect that look like midget moth , which round many types of industrial plant . The flying adult stage favor the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quick as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a swarm of flee louse when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , finally pass to engraft last if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also create a sweet heart and soul address honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can direct to an unattractive black control surface fungal growth squall sooty mould .
Possible dominance : keep weeds down ; use screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infested works away from non - infested plant ; use a ruminative mulch ( Al enhancer ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow-bellied mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage raw opposition such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of piss will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , cushy - bodied , easy - go insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from fleeceable to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant mintage stimulate aerobatics , deformed leaves and bud . They can channelise harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to make serious plant life damage . However aphids do give rise a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface increase called pitchy cast .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - fountain & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of leg feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on lily-livered clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around desirable plants . On victual , dampen off infected country of plant . ma’am hemipteron and lacewing will bung on aphid in the garden . There are various Cartesian product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to command aphid . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough aviation circulation or fair to middling light source . Problems are worse where nights are cool and day are lovesome and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage come forth crinkled and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often deteriorate ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune varieties and space plant decently so they find adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides according to label direction before trouble becomes severe and follow instruction exactly , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and off all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . pestilence : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature form of moths and butterflies . They are voracious feeder attacking a broad variety of plants . They can be extremely destructive and are characterized as foliage eater , stem borers , leafage tumbler pigeon , cutworms and tent - formers .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , scout case-by-case plants and remove cat , apply labeled insecticides such as Georgia home boy and oils , take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden and utilise Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological war ) for some caterpillar species . fungus kingdom : Black SpotA known rose disease , Black Spotappears on unseasoned leave as irregular black round , often having a chicken halo . Circles or spore colonies may acquire to 1/2 inch in diameter . Leaves will turn yellow and drop off , only to produce more leaves that will come after the same pattern . rose may not make it through the wintertime if black smirch is severe . The fungus will also affect the size of it and quality of flowers .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant variety for your domain . Always pee from the ground , never overhead . drill good sanitation - sporting up and destroy dust , especially around plants that have had a problem . When pruning roses , even deadheading , fall pruners in a bleaching agent / pee solution after each cut . If a plant life seems to have inveterate fateful pip , slay it . A 2 - 3 inch thick layer of mulch at the base of works reduces squish . Do not wait until black spot is a vast trouble to manipulate ! Start early . Spray with a fungicide labeled for black spot on rose wine . Diseases : BlightBlights are get by fungus kingdom or bacteria that vote down plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliation . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
For full results , always cut flower early in the morning , sooner before dew has had a luck to dry out . Always make baseball swing with a incisive tongue or pruners and plunge flowers or foliage into a bucket of pee . fund in a coolheaded spot until you are ready to work with them , this will keep flush from opening . Always re - thinned shank and change body of water frequently . wash vases or container to rid of subsist bacteria helps increase their life sentence , as well . victuals : Edible FlowersSome flowers areedibleor have edible part that are not only beautiful , but nutritious and tasty . bud , flowers , leaves , stems , and roots are selected from designated edible varieties . Plant as you would a steady blossom , but habituate only organic practices . If you are not a full organic gardener , separate growing areas should be used for the growing of eatable blossom .
When portions of edible flowers are desire , pull petals or eatable portions from refreshful flower and snip off the petals from the radix of the bloom . recollect to always wash heyday thoroughly making certain any balance or dirt has been take away . Give them a aristocratic bathing tub in water and then sink the petal in internal-combustion engine water to gain vigor them up . waste pipe on newspaper towels . Petals and whole flowers may be stored for a short time in formative bag in infrigidation . Freeze whole lowly flower in ice rings or cubes . check that you live what the flower isbeforeyou eat it ; have an accurate identification done . Glossary : DeciduousDeciduousrefers to those industrial plant that misplace their leave-taking or needles at the end of the grow season . Glossary : PerennialPerennial : traditionally a non - arboreous plant that hold up for two or more growing seasons . gloss : ShrubShrub : is a deciduous or evergreen woody perennial that has multiple offshoot that form near its base . Glossary : FragrantFragrant : having fragrance . Glossary : Plant CharacteristicsPlant characteristics delimit the plant , enabling a search that retrieve specific types of industrial plant such as bulbs , Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , shrubs , grass , perennials , etc . Glossary : Flower CharacteristicsFlower characteristics can vary greatly and may aid you adjudicate on a " " expect or experience " " for your garden . If you ’re looking for perfume or declamatory , sporty flower , dawn these boxes and possibilities that fit your ethnical conditions will be evince . If you have no predilection , leave loge unchecked to recall a dandy number of possibility . gloss : Foliage CharacteristicsBy searching foliage feature , you will have the chance to look for foliage with distinguishable feature such as variegate leaves , aromatic leaf , or unusual grain , colour or build . This field will be most helpful to you if you are looking for accent plants . If you have no preference , leave this field blank to return a larger choice of flora . gloss : EdiblesAn edible is a plant that has a part or all of it that can be safely squander in some room . How - to : Getting the Most Out of Cut FlowersCut flowers bring the garden into your menage . While some weakened flush have a farsighted vase life , most are highly perishable . How reduce blossom are treated when you first convey them home can significantly increase how long they last .
The most important thing to consider is father sufficient piss taken up into the cold shoulder root . deficient pee can result in wilting and short - lived flowers . Bent neck of roses , where the flower head droops , is the result of hapless water uptake . To maximize H2O uptake , first re - cut the stems at an slant so that the vascular scheme ( the " " bathymetry " " of the fore ) is clear . Next immerse the cut stem in warm water .
Remember when the flower is reduce , it is cut off from its food supply . Once water supply is taken attention of , food is the resource that will run out next . The plants stems naturally feed the prime with sugars . If you add a snatch of kale ( 1 tsp . ) to the vase pee , this will aid give the flower stanch and extend their vase animation .
Bacteria will establish up in vase water and eventually clog up up the stem so the flower can not take up water . To prevent this , transfer the vase water ofttimes and make a new cold shoulder in the stems every few days .
Floral preservative , uncommitted from florists , contain sugars , Elvis and bacteriacides that can extend cut flower life . These amount in small packets and are generally uncommitted where gash flowers are betray . If used in good order , these can cover the vase life of some cut bloom 2 to 3 time when compared with just plain water in the vase . How - to : Winter Protection for RosesF. start up off by keeping your plants healthy and vigorous going into the winter - stay to water them properly until the background freezes . kibosh feed in at least 6 week before the first Robert Frost date as this is the clip to bulge indurate off the plants for the winter . In really cold climates , after a couple of hard freeze , mound dirt or punishing mulch 1 understructure over the base of plant to protect the grafting union . Cut back long canes to 4 foot length and bind them together to preclude wound in the winter . Remove soil mounds after all peril of hard frost has evanesce in the spring .
In milder climates , this process is not necessary , but a good layer of mulch and extend lacrimation up to frost and periodically through winter is a salutary idea . The best meter to cut back no matter where you live is at the end of the dormant time of year , when buds are beginning to swell . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacteria , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanics of their emcee to repeat . Because this greatly interrupt the cellular phone ’s functionality , outward-bound mansion of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrubby ontogenesis , damaged fruit , discolorations or smirch .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendence . These plant eating worm disseminate viruses . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through flora first step ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plant should be tick , as well as tools and subsist plant life . utilise only demonstrate seed that is deemed disease - barren . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant tight related plants in the same arena every year . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stem take numerous buds that will maturate and reincarnate a plant when shake by pruning . There are three basic case of buds : terminal , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branches . They grow to make the arm or sprig longer . In some case they may give ascent to a blossom . If you rationalize the wind of a offset and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the sidelong buds to grow into side branches lead in a thickset , bushier flora . Lateral buds are dispirited down on the twig and are often at the point of foliage attachment . Pruning them promote the terminal bud , resulting in a long , fragile branch . Dormant buds may rest inactive in the barque or stem and will only grow after the plant is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth begins with a thoroughgoing plant food . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to trim this plant .
